G Scale Model Train Forum banner
1 - 20 of 38 Posts

mickey

· Registered
Joined
·
803 Posts
Discussion starter · #1 ·
When making an X between inner and outer loops, what is difference between the various degree X track I see. I have all aristo track and train li switches but when I made decision on a 90, I went with lgb as it was much better construction and electrical than the aristo 90. So input on the lgb vs aristo for the X, as well as the degree issue would really be appreciated please.
 
You already chose LGB over Aristo so that gets a why bother...
For the life of me I can't picture your X between concentric circles or why you need an X if you moved your switches to avoid an X...

Pictures, crude drawings or fancy would really help.

A lot of our active members are on the road at a thing calld Marty's.

The 'degree issue' what the heck are you talking about?

Not really enough info from you....

John
 
my question is ... by adding the switches and crossing are you making a reverse loop or two that will be a problem ( as in short) becouse you are dc power

and most of the time if the loop is short you make the 90 degree work
 
When I did this around the Christmas tree, I used a 30 degree (or is it listed as 60 degree?) X and four switches. Had to use four small sections of track keep the two lines separated. Looks like the following as best as I can do it with text.

___________
X
___________

The horizontal lines are the two loops. The X is the crossover, need one switch at each leg of the X to connect to the loops.

Scott, makes sort of a double crossover if you do not have the room to make two single crossovers.

Hope this helps.
 
I'm also having trouble visualizing the OPs question.

Is this two loops that intersect one another or is this a crossover between an inside loop and an and outside loop? If so a 90 crossing is going to eat up a heckova lotta space to make it work.

Drawing or pics please, otherwise its hard to interpret what you are trying to do.

Image

This is a study using more traditional R1 turnouts but it shows how sectional track would need to be set up for a cross over between two parallel tracks, which is what I think you were trying to do. You dont say what diameters your turn outs are so you might have to do a bit of experimentation to get it right .


To do it with R1s and a 90 crossover (bottom) you will need 1/2 length R1 sectional track to bring the divergent curves to where the 90 can be used, the trouble with this is that you end up with a more severe reverse S situation, which could be an issue. You will also need a couple small make up sections on the straights.

This is why most will use a 30 crossover (top) as it yields a less radical a departure angle, takes up less space and has a very much reduced reverse S condition.

Hope this helps.
 
Posted By vsmith on 24 Sep 2012 08:52 AM

This is why most will use a 30 crossover (top) as it yields a less radical a departure angle, takes up less space and has a very much reduced reverse S condition.

Hope this helps.






Or the LGB 22.5 degree crossing to go with the LGB 8-foot diameter turnouts.
 
Discussion starter · #9 ·
I guess I didn't make it clear and since I know what I'm trying to do, I assume the rest of the world does too. Sorry. First, the LGB 90 is at another part of track, not this x area. I need to figure out how to do a crude drawing to make it clear, but ths dang iPad has some limits. Will get drawing before moving forward. Oh and planning on using Train-Li R4 but have not bought them yet, til I get this worked out.
 
The train -Li pairs of R4 will give a single leg X crossing without adding any track. All you have to do is place 2 back to back and the straight portions will be parallel. Need more spacing between tracks, just add a straight between the diverging tracks.
But you may want to have a real X crossing by using 4 R4's and I am not sure of how a 22.5 or 30 degree crossing matches with the R4. Call Axel of Train_li and ask him how best to do this with his switches.
 
Discussion starter · #12 ·
I'm not the best artist let alone using a mouse to draw it. But this should give everyone an idea.
data:image/png;base64,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
Here are pics showing the area. The loop that will use the 90 crossing is out where that watermelon is growing (for now) and will go around the pine trees. The X I am working out is there the shovel and red buckets are.
 
Here's my double crossing using four (NI) ProLine r4's and I think it's the Proline 45 degree small crossing. I mentioned to Axel at Train-Li what I was trying to do and he fixed me up.
I also have an inner loop that runs through a tunnel and a larger outer loop.


Image


The straight (brass) pieces in between the switches are 8-1/2 inches long. The whole double crossing is 44 inches long by 13 inches wide.
The switches are controlled by air mounted underneath each switch.

Tommy
Image

Rio Gracie
 
Mickey,

When you show switches as R4 and R7, you really need to specify which manufacturer you are talking about.
That "Rx" switch terminology has been totally messed up in Large Scale ever since Piko came out with R- designations that didn't match LGBs and this situation is getting worse.

What determines the type of switches you need and the cross-over is the distance between the two parallel tracks and how much space you can use for the cross-over.

Heyn makes a cross-over that is designed to work with LGB R1 switches if you have very little space and can operate on R1 curves:

Image


The crossing is 60 degrees, the track spacing 233 mm and the space required 323 mm measured to the outside edge of the ties.

He also makes a crossing that works with LGB R2 switches (ie LGB R2 radius):

Image


45 degree crossing and 187 mm between the parallel tracks, or

using R3 switches with 251 mm between tracks

Here is a picture/drawing of all three:

Image


With R3 switches you need 341 mm of space.

I assume R4 switches have a larger curvature than R3, so you need either more space for the dross-over or you need to increase the spacing between the parallel tracks.

All depends what your constraints are.

Knut
 
LGB - R2 switches?? - that is something new to me. as far as i know they produce(d) only R1 and R3 switches.
and while one of their crossings (30°) combines with the R1 switches, their doubleswitch-slip crossing combines with R3 switches.
(and their 90° crossing does not combine with switches.)
 
Discussion starter · #18 ·
First of all, sorry for the too large of pic. Forgot to size it first and then edit kept erroring out when tried to remove it, then got business call and ran out of edit time. So that's end result.

I know about the everyone's R is not the same, which is why I did say train-li in my post on first page, second from bottom. I guess you just missed it but in future probably good idea to also list on drawings just for clariety.

So I'm trying to understand when I see some X as 19 vs 30 how that translates. 19 means less drastic of an "S" effect but lengthens the overall area the switches take up? Parallel tracks also closer? Less drama on train geometry for fewer problems and higher speed? Does that about sum it up?
 
Posted By kormsen on 25 Sep 2012 08:15 PM
LGB - R2 switches?? - that is something new to me. as far as i know they produce(d) only R1 and R3 switches.

Sorry Kormson -
These are R2 switches but not sold by LGB, they just match the LGB R2 radius and they are not much longer than R1 switches, so good to use in tight spaces and if you don't want to use R1 curves.
They also allo for a nice tight cross-over.

Knut

Image
 
Posted By mickey on 25 Sep 2012 08:23 PM
So I'm trying to understand when I see some X as 19 vs 30 how that translates. 19 means less drastic of an "S" effect but lengthens the overall area the switches take up? Parallel tracks also closer? Less drama on train geometry for fewer problems and higher speed? Does that about sum it up?
Yes
 
1 - 20 of 38 Posts